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Before or After Quotation Marks: Where to Put Other Punctuation Ending a Quote copyediting-grammar-style.suite101.com
The rule for commas and periods does not always make sense to many writers, but it is, unfortunately, the rule. Commas and periods should precede the closing quotation marks, whether they are part of the quote or not.
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This inconsistency in punctuation rules is not universal in English grammar. In fact, it seems to be only an American style.
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According to British style, only punctuation marks that are part of the quotation should be included within the quotation marks. All other punctuation marks should follow the closing quotation marks.
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